Regenerative Pathways in Community-Led Tourism: A Photovoice Study of Vanaprastha Tourism Practice in Binyan Forest, Bali

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the potential of Bali’s Binyan Forest as a prototype for Vanaprastha Tourism—a holistic model rooted in Balinese Hindu philosophy that integrates ecotourism, wellness, and spiritual reflection. Despite its proximity to the Batur UNESCO Global Geopark and its rich biodiversity, the forest remains underdeveloped as a community-led tourism destination. To explore this potential, the research employed a participatory photovoice methodology, engaging local youth to capture photographs and narratives that reflect the forest’s ecological, spiritual, and cultural significance. Data were analyzed thematically, combining visual and narrative evidence to highlight community perspectives. The findings reveal that Binyan Forest embodies key assets—such as canopy shade, sacred springs, gentle slopes, and tranquil spaces—that correspond to the seven core elements of Vanaprastha Tourism. Community accounts further emphasized the forest’s capacity for healing, contemplation, and gentle exercise, while also identifying management challenges including waste and trail erosion. The study’s originality lies in linking the Vanaprastha framework with participatory action research, offering a transferable methodology for regenerative destination development. It demonstrates how meaningful tourism experiences can emerge from ecological preservation, cultural respect, and community voice rather than from constructed attractions or heavy infrastructure.